THE CELL Definition of a Cell The cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of a living organism. Also, the cell is the simplest, the smallest and basic […]

FORMS IN WHICH LIVING CELLS EXIST There are four forms in which living cells exist. These are: (1) As Independent or Single and Free- living Organisms: Independent and free-living organisms […]

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL. Similarities: Both plants and animal’s cells have in common the following organelles: (i) Golgi bodies (ii) Nucleus (iii) Mitochondria (iv) Cytoplasm […]

ANATOMY Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that simply means identification and description or outline of the structures of living things.   There are three broad areas: human […]

The Function of Lipoproteins Lipoproteins are lipids that are made up of cholesterol (cholesterol-like substances). A lipoprotein is actually a protein molecule whose primary function is to carry cholesterol-like lipids […]

CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION IN PROKARYOTES “GENE EXPRESSION”  An organism’s DNA encodes all of the RNA and protein molecules required to construct its cells. Yet organisms are able to differentially […]

TRANSLATION Translation is a complex process that requires mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, amino acids, and energy in the form of GTP. Once the mRNA transcript is created and processed, it can […]

TRANSCRIPTION Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, […]

MUTATION “MUTATION” The genetic code shows that for the amino acids with multiple codons, the first two bases are usually the same, and the third base in the codon is […]

DNA REPAIR “DNA REPAIR” The structure of DNA can be damaged in a number of ways such as exposure to chemicals or radiation. DNA is very susceptible to damage and […]